Author: Manuel Castells
Title: Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age
Year: 2012
Language: English
My rating: 1.5 out of 10
Castells is a respected scholar, and I thought this analysis of the 2011-12 protest movements would be of interest. However, in terms of insight, this is one of the most impotent books I have ever read. Castells gushes on and on about the huge importance of the protest movements, highlighting precisely the ones that failed most spectacularly: Spain ‘ s Indignados and Occupy Wall Street. In the absence of any proof that these movements achieved anything other than bringing the conservative party to power in Spain, Castells argues that they matter because they helped people feel togetherness. Yippee.
The only semi-interesting observation Castells makes is that Internet-mediated protest movements have been the most successful in the most ethnically and culturally homogenous countries (Tunisia and Iceland.) Since the book’s publication, this observation has been borne out by the spectacular success of the Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity.
I can’t say I’m convinced by this argument, though. I believe that protests failed in the rich consumer societies where people had comfortable lives and protested out of boredom more than anything else. The desperation of Mohamed Boazizi who was so fed up with injustice that he set himself on fire differs greatly from the smugness of an overfed brat whose greatest contribution to social change is raising the inane “Greed is bad” poster.
Since 2011, it became clear that Obama’s hugely unpopular bailouts saved the US economy and Spain ‘ s vilified party of austerity has managed to produce a marked economy growth. Against this background, the protesters who couldn’t be bothered to make a list of actual demands and overcome their narcissism enough to choose a few spokespersons look particularly helpless.
As the Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine demonstrated, popular protests can be extremely successful. But the only way to make them work is to make sure that they concentrate not on vague requests addressed to a benevolent, paternalistic deity but on specific tasks that every protester is ready to perform. That deity (i.e. the nation-state) has left the building. Pleading with it to come and take care of us is a waste of time. Now is not the time to beg. It is the time to fill the vacuum created by the nation-state’s retreat.
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