Since people seem to want to know more about post-war Germany, I’m happy to share.
Initially, Americans wanted to de-Nazify Germany and get the hell out. The American economy was booming like never before, and both voters and politicians wanted to enjoy the prosperity. Before retreating, Americans wanted to do something to make sure that Germans understood what they’d done and started facing the consequences.
Getting Germans to accept culpability for the crimes of Nazism was pretty much impossible, though. With very few exceptions, Germans saw themselves as victims and refused to listen to anything. They’d pout and sulk and feel more sorry for themselves than even the most bratty of Ivy League protesters today know how to do. Americans would, for instance, try to get Germans to learn about the Holocaust. With truly American straightforwardness, they would put on documentary footage about concentration camps and tell Germans that unless they saw the film, they wouldn’t get their ration-cards (which meant they wouldn’t get fed.) Germans would come to the movie theaters but the moment the film started, they’d turn away and simply refuse to look. Obviously, they knew everything but liked to pretend they didn’t.
The British were also trying to feed and de-Nazify in the areas they controlled. It was an enormous sacrifice for them because all of the food given to Germans was taken out of the mouths of the starving people at home. I feel nothing short of amazement when I think about the humanity and the humility of the British who wanted to share their food with Germans after everything Germans had done to them. For a while, however, things started to look as if both Germans and the British would starve to death because there was nothing left to rebuilt the demolished economies in both countries.
There was enormous anger against Germans and a great resistance to getting involved in rebuilding their country on the part of the US. However, the most stringent “let them all get what they so richly deserve” American officials got to change their minds when they saw the suffering Germans were experiencing. Soon enough, the notorious words of one of these officials (“you can shoot ’em, starve ’em, or feed ’em”) became the consensus and Americans reluctantly agreed to sink huge amounts of money into rebuilding Germany and, of course, the rest of Western Europe.
Rebuilding the German economy soon necessitated ending all attempts at de-Nazification, though. For instance, the moment after 333 mining engineers were fired from Ruhr coal mines for having been active in the Nazi party, horrible accidents began to happen. Nobody but these Nazis knew how to run the coal mines. So 331 of the Nazis had to be re-hired because the mines were crucial to rebuilding the economy. And the same thing kept happening in all areas of the economy.
It took Germans until late 1950s and early 1960s to start accepting culpability for Nazism. By that time, Americans had already given the Western part of Germany the gift of prosperity and booming economy. I’m very interested in what needs to happen for a nation to accept horrible things it has done and to begin dealing with guilt and responsibility. I’m obviously waiting for Russians to start facing their role in the history of humanity. It seems that, if Germany and Spain are any indication, I’ll be waiting for a very long time.